{"id":"W4392121147","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae496","title":"Astronomaly at scale: searching for anomalies amongst 4 million galaxies","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation, United Arab Emirates; Argonne National Laboratory; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; University College London; Science and Technology Facilities Council; University of Edinburgh; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Higher Education Funding Council for England; Fermilab; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Physics; Galaxy; Scale (ratio); Astrophysics; Astronomy; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003449919,0.0003487618,0.0004296813,0.00003369344,0.0004907054,0.0001942291,0.0006060783,0.00006819734,0.0003069232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001099311,0.0002554824,0.00127117,0.0001655932,0.000591483,0.0002335891,0.0006771368,0.0004752964,0.00004768394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001774073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001380072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002676772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001288675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997719,0.00008925756,0.0004693937,0.0005794697,0.0003447672,0.0007981472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986982,0.0004669811,0.000148409,0.0004148972,0.00007072561,0.0002008288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002756719,0.0003887222,0.6109003,0.0001899905,0.0009419835,2.376967e-7,0.0008516561,0.3403915,0.0005276701,0.001630065,0.006247608,0.03765452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007625236,0.0002396678,0.3548263,0.0002117468,0.000180924,1.417137e-8,0.0009875164,0.6229793,0.01382396,0.0001604955,0.005389195,0.0004383667],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919355,0.0001646178,0.005187268,0.0005882881,0.0002900137,0.0005793065,0.0004268168,0.00005289276,0.000775294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990618,6.980654e-8,0.005798628,0.00000510111,0.0008621374,0.0001214637,0.0000732816,0.00004975087,0.002471605],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2825878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999897,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009309860436866246,"score_gpt":0.2443411886870009,"score_spread":0.2350313282501347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}