{"id":"W4392180530","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.233","title":"Subsurface hydrogen storage controlled by small-scale rock heterogeneities","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Energi Simulation; Heriot-Watt University","keywords":"Permeability (electromagnetism); Porous medium; Imbibition; Saturation (graph theory); Geology; Porosity; Energy storage; Petroleum engineering; Petrology; Environmental science; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Mineralogy; Soil science; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002496001,0.0001678965,0.0002308594,0.0001152612,0.00006481324,0.0001350079,0.000480387,0.00007493354,0.004551613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003361176,0.0001373367,0.0003014262,0.0001089481,0.00005968954,0.0003729738,0.00009790654,0.0001795828,0.0002340522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002749888,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004540163,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002540797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003161643,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984111,0.00009090215,0.0005528053,0.0002017342,0.0005539719,0.000189453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993717,0.0001087228,0.0002100251,0.0001105581,0.00007286543,0.0001261086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001053798,0.0007701812,0.003248848,0.00001024424,0.002385877,0.001605824,0.001247233,0.3005636,0.5782704,0.003450783,0.09499712,0.01239603],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001992334,0.0003023424,0.0001431396,0.00006821634,0.0001086315,0.002035056,0.0001829434,0.04230228,0.1510353,0.002420115,0.7990078,0.0004019249],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9753697,0.001760687,0.007605375,0.002560915,0.001637462,0.00006733354,0.00003479377,0.0000573601,0.01090638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892728,0.0002248744,0.0001575289,0.0005832771,0.0002620904,0.000008771296,0.00001854885,0.0000171051,0.009454997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7040106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008896645891150726,"score_gpt":0.2406280427884634,"score_spread":0.2317313968973127,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}