{"id":"W4392199452","doi":"10.1287/msom.2022.0587","title":"Frontiers in Operations: Battery as a Service: Flexible Electric Vehicle Battery Leasing","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manufacturing & Service Operations Management","topic":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","field":"Engineering","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Battery (electricity); Downgrade; Business model; Profit (economics); Computer science; Service (business); Business; Automotive engineering; Marketing; Engineering; Economics; Computer security; Microeconomics; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001850555,0.0003891781,0.0002720559,0.0007872822,0.0002770693,0.0008729721,0.0003979511,0.0001263557,0.0003070809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000275894,0.0004038867,0.00007027446,0.001382627,0.000008229872,0.0009304465,0.0001216118,0.000497406,0.0004359104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004561688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004297425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004037649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005177222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980079,0.00004602936,0.0004935201,0.0005348163,0.0003021666,0.0006155876],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993487,0.00002164046,0.00001232922,0.0004670246,0.00004489595,0.0001054171],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007531345,0.00003410634,0.0001034638,0.0007987703,0.0001721208,0.0000736338,0.0006555474,0.9635167,0.002936773,0.0005661604,0.003462906,0.02767233],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004511155,0.00003415624,0.006047989,0.0003218587,0.00008690474,0.00002775389,0.0006565969,0.9580772,0.0203997,0.0005249054,0.01275976,0.0006120787],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.961211,0.002123945,0.02240874,0.004483948,0.001236731,0.0009560097,0.00001112482,0.001178002,0.0063905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9891962,0.0004477625,0.005057022,0.003735353,0.000227268,0.0002225511,0.00009410597,0.0001145247,0.0009051851],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02798523,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998413,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005985867821011092,"score_gpt":0.2093482351610657,"score_spread":0.2033623673400546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}