{"id":"W4392282891","doi":"10.1126/science.adf0630","title":"The changing nature of groundwater in the global water cycle","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":427,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Environmental science; Groundwater flow; Water table; Water cycle; Climate change; Streamflow; Hydrology (agriculture); Groundwater discharge; Permafrost; Water resource management; Aquifer; Geology; Drainage basin; Ecology; Oceanography; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002546532,0.000129254,0.0001958873,0.0005917388,0.0005022227,0.001570364,0.0002808264,0.0005582399,0.00151359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000503704,0.0001009707,0.0001239882,0.001690308,0.00106412,0.001762729,0.0007312846,0.0003684867,0.0001824788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001630608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000925881,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01356745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02635147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998277,0.0000414066,0.000009117412,0.00003955773,0.00005775746,0.00002436542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999055,0.00001750548,0.00002495778,0.000004828141,0.0000326935,0.00001458963],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001349412,0.00006424807,0.1474359,0.001138529,0.0001270622,0.0007881442,0.002793662,0.01364294,0.0195146,0.1796121,0.01983568,0.6149122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001917434,0.0001591202,0.1862082,0.0006876925,0.000109084,0.0006494381,0.008147018,0.01123713,0.003002396,0.2306206,0.5590403,0.0001197527],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7024949,0.1370194,0.02312862,0.055875,0.001074887,0.00006169092,0.004020686,0.0004008679,0.0759239],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9533578,0.03772965,0.003491162,0.002307731,0.0003107582,0.00001382509,0.0003239647,0.00002726715,0.002437859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01356745,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02697694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004537740692626739,"score_gpt":0.2194097997149726,"score_spread":0.2148720590223459,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}