{"id":"W4392340152","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.110.022001","title":"Characterization of the astrophysical diffuse neutrino flux using starting track events in IceCube","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Physical review. D/Physical review. D.","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Alberta; Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences; Office of Polar Programs; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics; Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University; RWTH Aachen University; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Marsden Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Australian Research Council; Western Canada Research Grid; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Polarforskningssekretariatet; University of Maryland; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; National Research Foundation of Korea; Villum Fonden; Compute Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Marquette University; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Nvidia; Carlsbergfondet; Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure; European Commission; National Research Foundation; Michigan State University; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Neutrino; Flux (metallurgy); Physics; Track (disk drive); Nuclear physics; Astrophysics; Computer science; Materials science; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004047765,0.001304707,0.003372495,0.0001021734,0.0001467679,0.00006985834,0.001559004,0.00009074345,0.0000389588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006259348,0.0009790621,0.002607443,0.001363434,0.0002202766,0.0002409873,0.002692748,0.002837479,0.000200569],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002301764,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004766165,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001296478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001349173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9935679,0.0007037831,0.001878321,0.001580633,0.001247591,0.001021784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956371,0.0002095824,0.001661579,0.001898448,0.0002734586,0.0003198611],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007189132,0.009575939,0.008448116,0.04480746,0.001096537,0.00001200994,0.0006266081,0.0005512228,0.7757576,0.07759857,0.0005279853,0.08092612],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001883439,0.0003610224,0.02497006,0.1796449,0.007050765,0.000002385863,0.00005955846,0.03787544,0.0437777,0.6978697,0.00238677,0.004118228],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892555,0.004668718,0.00021003,0.0007378386,0.0005173117,0.003078102,0.0005046185,0.00006292526,0.000964885],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930432,0.002726276,0.00009603708,0.0005863656,0.00239546,0.0005021339,0.0003878688,0.0001917595,0.00007083816],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7319798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999704,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01913974451403668,"score_gpt":0.3666022899285085,"score_spread":0.3474625454144719,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}