{"id":"W4392352744","doi":"10.1016/j.jse.2024.01.033","title":"Artificial intelligence in shoulder and elbow surgery: overview of current and future applications","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","topic":"Shoulder Injury and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Pan Am Clinic","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Orthopedic surgery; Elbow; Medical physics; Artificial intelligence; Health care; Orthopedic Procedures; Physical therapy; Surgery; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001348175,0.0006028725,0.003495407,0.001237829,0.00007214103,0.00007895812,0.00009312985,0.000421091,0.00006721018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008267277,0.000410155,0.000815971,0.0007966148,0.0002092096,0.0001747193,0.0001004703,0.001138688,0.000002619033],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009396581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006775305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006807889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008140992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962387,0.0001783293,0.002215251,0.0004993242,0.0004976385,0.0003707489],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972813,0.00106623,0.0008084683,0.0003219286,0.000167397,0.0003546447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000663822,0.000336626,0.001864675,0.02805486,0.00050458,0.0001970968,0.000123835,1.716285e-7,9.285233e-7,0.0003476491,0.001817882,0.9666853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009838324,0.0001070494,0.0008953756,0.02357472,0.00665664,0.002464873,0.0001934522,0.000006225146,0.00002442786,0.001281305,0.9642664,0.0004311594],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008005334,0.9967394,0.0001417104,0.0006073242,0.000914647,0.0006622212,0.00006899558,0.00001548547,0.00004964106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002661283,0.9956791,0.00008084132,0.0000766293,0.001287421,0.00007052194,0.00004349958,0.00006475423,0.00003590436],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9662542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1848204665831035,"score_gpt":0.4360565624193701,"score_spread":0.2512360958362666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}