{"id":"W4392370839","doi":"10.54254/2755-2721/44/20230078","title":"Predictive model on detecting ChatGPT responses against human responses","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied and Computational Engineering","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Natural language processing; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001616629,0.00009910482,0.0001013006,0.0001898121,0.0001158907,0.00003843483,0.00002346686,0.00005249272,0.000004053914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006328605,0.00009627649,0.00002613103,0.0001330684,0.00002047083,0.00004130087,0.00001211968,0.0001857742,0.00001357221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006460074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009864171,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005860003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.192712e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993261,0.000007119163,0.0001796104,0.0002055787,0.0001475901,0.0001340351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993882,0.0004168033,0.00001538385,0.00006210319,0.00004010332,0.00007745072],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003310862,0.00003834836,0.00009941003,0.0002042429,0.00005077613,0.00001642882,0.002734193,0.8820916,0.01599601,0.03979032,0.00007686881,0.05857071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003918677,0.0001159475,0.001617869,0.0002125296,0.00001244215,0.00001513341,0.0002902542,0.9883313,0.004528258,0.004505133,0.0002294699,0.000102508],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9416279,0.0002376618,0.05628372,0.0004574738,0.0001254238,0.0001799626,0.000005799519,0.0002150278,0.0008669862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971313,0.00001894103,0.002150587,0.0002528675,0.0002426876,0.00004547173,0.00002154972,0.00002061292,0.0001159058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1062397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3926041,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07326105859028954,"score_gpt":0.3644849911620548,"score_spread":0.2912239325717653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}