{"id":"W4392454393","doi":"10.1162/qss_a_00298","title":"Second-order citations in altmetrics: A case study analyzing the audiences of COVID-19 research in the news and on social media","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quantitative Science Studies","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Queensland University of Technology","keywords":"Altmetrics; Social media; Order (exchange); CITES; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Sociology; Psychology; Public relations; Political science; Computer science; Data science; World Wide Web; Medicine; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01951515,0.0000771348,0.0001546601,0.001341717,0.002348371,0.0002976214,0.0003590589,0.00001986278,0.00002166156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02447788,0.00004154378,0.0000212171,0.01260323,0.004626821,0.0006839821,0.00008966033,0.000255201,0.000006017734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000172242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009174041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002825038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1246799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969474,0.001128329,0.000290254,0.0002338026,0.001065192,0.0003350008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9892422,0.01013701,0.00007167402,0.00009804885,0.0003881025,0.00006299107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004391098,0.00004028951,0.001670235,0.0000167737,0.000009308188,0.00003435628,0.8764075,0.00001672575,0.000002627756,0.1182434,0.0006003696,0.002953991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000120195,0.000133018,0.01791925,0.00002388506,0.000004549956,0.000002331147,0.9759442,0.0001736219,0.000001404439,0.004961198,0.0006650067,0.00005135152],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9792657,0.001770849,0.00002097215,0.01080859,0.0001659385,0.0005258077,0.000008114127,0.00001036194,0.007423678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991009,0.0005365253,0.000094642,0.0001867297,0.00002971605,0.00002104783,1.484248e-7,0.000001837998,0.00002841547],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1218548,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989504,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5820455615646037,"score_gpt":0.6069358497101962,"score_spread":0.02489028814559247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}