{"id":"W4392454393","doi":"10.1162/qss_a_00298","title":"Second-order citations in altmetrics: A case study analyzing the audiences of COVID-19 research in the news and on social media","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quantitative Science Studies","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Queensland University of Technology","keywords":"Altmetrics; Social media; Order (exchange); CITES; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Sociology; Psychology; Public relations; Political science; Computer science; Data science; World Wide Web; Medicine; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0350626,0.0004219651,0.0007204603,0.02477495,0.006085269,0.006568937,0.001443168,0.002340769,0.003424644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1237173,0.0003751987,0.000516088,0.03103953,0.00402904,0.006340075,0.004884407,0.001809284,0.0006510172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004943135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002773101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007700058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01708476,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9727015,0.01612657,0.002207862,0.001343621,0.006410328,0.001210061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6088091,0.3196223,0.03608175,0.009264063,0.02254589,0.003676997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002960547,0.0006024591,0.4172324,0.001800254,0.000142807,0.007601742,0.4567373,0.0006581476,0.003387338,0.02182624,0.006882458,0.08283289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005247352,0.000398941,0.3460615,0.002091321,0.0001537523,0.005049787,0.5302473,0.007427705,0.005247533,0.01434859,0.08873878,0.0001823748],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9794155,0.001239768,0.00399518,0.00227175,0.00006576801,0.0002132449,0.0009867878,0.00005808951,0.01175391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892163,0.000641553,0.007094623,0.00031344,0.0001609428,0.0002480489,0.0005728047,0.00007416012,0.001678064],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.975225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1854309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5820455615646037,"score_gpt":0.6069358497101962,"score_spread":0.02489028814559247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}