{"id":"W4392455867","doi":"10.1007/s41781-023-00106-9","title":"Deep Generative Models for Fast Photon Shower Simulation in ATLAS","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computing and Software for Big Science","topic":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of British Columbia; Simon Fraser University; Carleton University; TRIUMF; University of Alberta; Université de Montréal; Institute of Particle Physics; University of Victoria; McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Israel Science Foundation; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft; Austrian Science Fund; European Regional Development Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; CERN; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; European Commission; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu; National Science Foundation; Compute Canada; Canarie","keywords":"Atlas (anatomy); Large Hadron Collider; Physics; Generative grammar; Photon; Detector; Computer science; Particle physics; Event (particle physics); ATLAS experiment; Statistical physics; Artificial intelligence; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001523256,0.00007539328,0.00008978762,0.00003034691,0.0002796855,0.0001095275,0.0000660624,0.000009176837,0.000001011651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001469116,0.00006170131,0.0000318087,0.0001971317,0.0001871055,0.0001139461,0.00006487576,0.0000332488,0.000001078627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000183631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002277347,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001381437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.447399e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993689,0.000005271463,0.00009612726,0.0002498939,0.00007179442,0.0002080121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996292,0.0002171678,0.00001405637,0.00004655623,0.00005131632,0.00004172057],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003729185,0.0001102318,0.004005456,0.00005575243,0.0000244696,3.532541e-7,0.00902027,0.409189,0.00827677,0.2416912,0.00002943042,0.3275597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001258246,0.00003647686,0.00007042559,0.00002973643,0.000003400942,5.071334e-8,0.0001849278,0.846711,0.01173824,0.1409772,0.00004581023,0.00007688956],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4653233,0.0001001989,0.5342016,0.00002103049,0.0001301319,0.0001152404,0.000006943639,0.00001841752,0.00008305389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943736,4.551686e-7,0.00540774,0.00001255741,0.0001591105,0.00002365032,0.000004786285,0.00000533758,0.00001272002],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5290503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2516107,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02947959814506462,"score_gpt":0.3164072398810244,"score_spread":0.2869276417359598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}