{"id":"W4392563890","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2024.150244","title":"Simultaneous adjustment on the CO2/oil and CO2/water interface tensions using hydrophilic, lipophilic and CO2-philic surfactants during CO2 flooding to enhance shale oil recovery after hydraulic fracturing","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":46,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Hydraulic fracturing; Oil shale; Petroleum engineering; Shale oil; Water flooding; Enhanced oil recovery; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Chemistry; Geology; Waste management; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001476746,0.0003356044,0.000176959,0.0001393257,0.0001611621,0.0002523471,0.0001501022,0.000215479,0.0006023846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003392433,0.0001296675,0.0001437586,0.000149804,0.0002495569,0.0004266595,0.0002218682,0.0003313415,0.0001266408],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002040402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001821773,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006798351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001896776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998882,0.00001087663,0.000009975349,0.00002623957,0.00002759133,0.00003715685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998487,0.00004243455,0.00004416318,0.000009264833,0.00003388234,0.00002149964],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009477973,0.00001127982,0.00007704766,0.00002585651,0.00000247055,0.00001974966,0.00002642476,0.00005105615,0.9988022,0.00002906884,0.00001581444,0.0008442748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004970942,0.00005290983,0.0004016353,0.000001182075,0.00000435064,0.0000100337,0.0000140552,0.0004381576,0.9988445,0.000006324189,0.0002184591,0.000003334228],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972059,0.0002862875,0.001815694,0.00003653606,0.0000145909,0.00001582302,0.00004920447,0.00003177009,0.0005440585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980856,0.0001995694,0.00106947,0.00002353486,0.000006533739,0.00002100537,0.00003600939,0.00001288392,0.0005454337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006798351,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002015233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007930567356965132,"score_gpt":0.2218487628820618,"score_spread":0.2139181955250967,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}