{"id":"W4392730517","doi":"10.1002/smll.202307807","title":"The Multiple Roles of Na Ions in Highly Efficient CZTSSe Solar Cells","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Small","topic":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science; Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Kesterite; Passivation; CZTS; Materials science; Doping; Ion; Dissolution; Chalcopyrite; Energy conversion efficiency; Layer (electronics); Chemical engineering; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Copper","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001768531,0.0001042726,0.0001035133,0.00008770483,0.00002591169,0.00003071643,0.0001836539,0.00005859662,0.00001549439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002923269,0.00008147906,0.00006826456,0.000206477,0.00003142813,0.00002178187,0.00004430421,0.0001952678,0.00009209049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005229732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001738597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005765445,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004872237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993503,0.00001734195,0.0002014356,0.0001278918,0.00009219944,0.0002107952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995044,0.0001984924,0.00001099957,0.0002357837,0.00001431452,0.00003598577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003680281,0.00001909167,0.0001111344,0.0001074845,0.0000339907,0.00001977787,0.002017044,0.07618514,0.9178388,0.0004494977,0.0007492164,0.002465188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001964519,0.00001452514,0.0003519371,0.0001253507,0.0000153121,0.000004468052,0.0004173586,0.3206561,0.6613473,0.0001077715,0.0165907,0.0001727434],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939441,0.003446351,0.0001675531,0.0000552452,0.001134118,0.0001337144,0.00002802971,0.0001920891,0.0008987954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993815,0.0001045146,0.0002357548,0.000006365462,0.00005055628,0.00001065707,0.000003337077,0.00003307495,0.0001742806],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2564914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.332262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0120687748315952,"score_gpt":0.1986100928224762,"score_spread":0.186541317990881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}