{"id":"W4392730517","doi":"10.1002/smll.202307807","title":"The Multiple Roles of Na Ions in Highly Efficient CZTSSe Solar Cells","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Small","topic":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","field":"Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science; Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Kesterite; Passivation; CZTS; Materials science; Doping; Ion; Dissolution; Chalcopyrite; Energy conversion efficiency; Layer (electronics); Chemical engineering; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Copper","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001627886,0.0002800483,0.0002868582,0.0002025964,0.0001815567,0.0007033484,0.0002601902,0.0003176184,0.0003861696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001267231,0.0001901091,0.0001625458,0.0002847328,0.0002326014,0.0004093067,0.0003462275,0.0002561043,0.0002445852],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000360337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002955947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009765541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00208167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998949,0.000009644947,0.000008591296,0.00002009881,0.00005215769,0.00001463987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999592,0.00000977527,0.000006729429,0.000003669938,0.00001379694,0.000006834815],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002462694,0.00000467757,0.0001314795,0.00002666256,0.000003762722,0.00004672094,0.00001117549,0.0002741794,0.9970053,0.0003542732,0.00002677682,0.002090299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007232381,0.00003022389,0.0003132289,0.000003211077,0.000006376671,0.00004610566,0.00001478273,0.00191927,0.9963983,0.0001072516,0.001150239,0.000003715629],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.981111,0.00314325,0.0108025,0.0001877222,0.00004679857,0.00003270645,0.0001043658,0.0001000194,0.004471673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992548,0.001040961,0.004641586,0.00003020073,0.000006339255,0.00001249382,0.00003364842,0.00001392429,0.001672795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009765541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002614439,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0120687748315952,"score_gpt":0.1986100928224762,"score_spread":0.186541317990881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}