{"id":"W4392756632","doi":"10.1177/00104140241237458","title":"The Great Global Divider? A Comparison of Urban-Rural Partisan Polarization in Western Democracies","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Comparative Political Studies","topic":"Populism, Right-Wing Movements","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Polarization (electrochemistry); Political science; Political economy; Economic system; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007001037,0.00009286152,0.000188865,0.002228161,0.0007596749,0.001471942,0.0001061748,0.0001869349,0.002547644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001663604,0.0000855246,0.0001157462,0.00253111,0.001265402,0.001027411,0.001384139,0.0002873479,0.0002644871],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003184558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001543359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002162954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005492485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995772,0.0001851531,0.00001701937,0.00004966609,0.00005205895,0.0001188258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993349,0.0002050322,0.0001941707,0.00007071572,0.00009081022,0.0001044354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004400941,0.00006436506,0.8940451,0.00007930897,0.0001079931,0.0002997746,0.04099862,0.0001897895,0.001933071,0.01326042,0.001192212,0.04738927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004832486,0.0000442837,0.9621943,0.0000258144,0.00001145793,0.0001373329,0.0315102,0.00009723865,0.0001906918,0.001059578,0.004719439,0.000004890364],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909841,0.0001578202,0.00007368996,0.0001700102,0.000005144538,0.000003079894,0.00005960275,0.000001649745,0.008544922],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995766,0.00007840126,0.00002570804,0.00002741981,0.000007673112,0.000002063717,0.00005869026,0.00000193956,0.0002214859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002547644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008522749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1467177509146858,"score_gpt":0.4695987074010132,"score_spread":0.3228809564863274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}