{"id":"W4392774454","doi":"10.1177/00207020241234228","title":"Offensive Cyber Operations and State Power: Lessons from Russia in Ukraine","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal Canada s Journal of Global Policy Analysis","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Offensive; State (computer science); Power (physics); Political science; Economic system; Computer security; Operations research; Engineering; Computer science; Economics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001323472,0.0002175971,0.0003851066,0.00106883,0.006906641,0.003863208,0.0008086794,0.0009695889,0.001806882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002113559,0.0001726972,0.0002631517,0.002065473,0.004448622,0.002072913,0.003183727,0.0018731,0.0001636497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01752068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01577947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7052849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8640158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991431,0.0003277532,0.00003088454,0.00006480666,0.0001244861,0.0003089852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987679,0.0006058564,0.0001504372,0.00005446533,0.0002578012,0.0001634913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001672804,0.0002308497,0.2026617,0.0003326229,0.00008637091,0.005582213,0.6512573,0.002276374,0.001012379,0.07952803,0.008232371,0.04863252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008369947,0.00006097899,0.1132606,0.0003480675,0.00004316654,0.0003265223,0.8426417,0.0004844607,0.0006492439,0.003966386,0.03817619,0.00003429084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740946,0.0008201051,0.0002114006,0.004276029,0.00002442295,0.00001230666,0.0001385079,0.000003893814,0.02041872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969732,0.00104004,0.0001000841,0.0002418698,0.000005904371,0.000003495726,0.00005786855,0.000005506781,0.001572044],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7052849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5929015,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01111744872334365,"score_gpt":0.3446430741714042,"score_spread":0.3335256254480605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}