{"id":"W4392848329","doi":"10.3982/ecta21048","title":"Toward a General Theory of Peer Effects","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Econometrica","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Gillings School of Public Health; Monash University","keywords":"Counterfactual thinking; Peer effects; Spillover effect; Action (physics); Conformist; Econometrics; Linear model; Norm (philosophy); Work (physics); Conformity; Psychology; Social psychology; Economics; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Microeconomics; Political science; Statistics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008941076,0.00004628202,0.00009651338,0.000318777,0.00006548198,0.0000633917,0.0001543236,0.00004666789,0.001176007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004461539,0.00004124787,0.00006719105,0.001000905,0.00006772632,0.0002076301,0.00001941402,0.00007803715,0.0004460177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004586397,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009444117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001529519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002030529,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994199,0.00005997132,0.0001025088,0.0001191836,0.0001438713,0.0001545714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993647,0.0004334892,0.00002137536,0.00008529843,0.00003300741,0.0000621086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002756272,0.00007755224,0.03415905,0.0003452015,0.0001651258,0.00002301733,0.0332895,0.00002352612,0.00009853011,0.4906598,0.1039506,0.3371806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001117261,0.00006324216,0.02857462,0.00002564156,0.00001825294,6.475383e-7,0.0004831023,0.0001090427,0.0005700584,0.01165191,0.9582598,0.0001319194],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6100004,0.005580543,0.0002272055,0.002323956,0.001444453,0.0001247047,0.000008530959,0.00009563605,0.3801946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826609,0.0002318455,0.0001606366,0.0001286491,0.0007466672,0.000009046392,0.000001502167,0.000005581784,0.0160551],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8543093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04066470344427146,"score_gpt":0.3157728661296933,"score_spread":0.2751081626854218,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}