{"id":"W4393191437","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4770849","title":"Production Outsourcing and Innovation: Evidence from China’s Pharmaceutical Industry","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"International Business and FDI","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Outsourcing; China; Pharmaceutical industry; Production (economics); Industrial organization; Commerce; International trade; Marketing; Economics; Geography; Biotechnology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001356612,0.0003433705,0.0003703211,0.003296918,0.001499482,0.001503791,0.0006660672,0.0006829733,0.004833812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003504309,0.0001887235,0.0005650659,0.005485194,0.001730893,0.001107405,0.001785087,0.000608943,0.0002916324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00279002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005875766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1876012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2976951,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990031,0.000151832,0.00006144603,0.0001022163,0.0003017142,0.0003798096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.989695,0.002973257,0.004270102,0.0004614691,0.001411239,0.001188983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001703357,0.0001224727,0.9842965,0.0001250787,0.0001369979,0.0005183473,0.001373913,0.0003788976,0.0002746499,0.001220924,0.0006441521,0.01073768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002023537,0.00005707184,0.9960962,0.00004594931,0.00009440682,0.00004726948,0.002184812,0.0002705641,0.0001587985,0.0001501845,0.0008666385,0.000007985081],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949928,0.001035188,0.00004472648,0.0004357092,0.000004806111,0.000008510147,0.0002259356,0.000002355777,0.003249944],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987648,0.0005548554,0.00001985098,0.00005896545,0.00000839497,0.000002842045,0.0001839878,5.768087e-7,0.0004057141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1876012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3730185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03193350715867159,"score_gpt":0.2960230675269334,"score_spread":0.2640895603682618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}