{"id":"W4393223911","doi":"10.1029/2023gb008051","title":"Overwinter and Spring Thaw Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in a Northern Prairie Cropland Are Limited but a Significant Proportion of Annual Emissions","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Guelph","funders":"Saskatchewan Wheat Development Commission; Saskatchewan Canola Development Commission; Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","keywords":"Nitrous oxide; Environmental science; Growing season; Atmospheric sciences; Nitrate; Climate change; Hydrology (agriculture); Animal science; Agronomy; Climatology; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001975987,0.0001671528,0.0001617489,0.0003556656,0.0004823628,0.0003364481,0.0002627692,0.000161276,0.0004117904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002449884,0.00015707,0.00013727,0.0003692209,0.0003181976,0.0002962773,0.0002258397,0.0001704362,0.00006314803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008020099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3186622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.603331,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99994,0.000005998043,0.000003848475,0.00002187971,0.00001072369,0.00001748917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997932,0.00004108859,0.00006021464,0.00001412326,0.00004430297,0.00004699652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001113176,0.00005301561,0.972779,0.00001889159,0.00005078222,0.000126794,0.0004843668,0.0006890529,0.02199253,0.00002368196,0.00009029465,0.003580179],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001963561,0.00001173689,0.9990487,0.000001245022,0.000004479367,0.00001303881,0.0001465173,0.0004745477,0.0002204323,0.000005976817,0.00006982335,0.000001674354],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998047,0.00001239741,0.00002108786,0.000004084038,2.521394e-7,9.482303e-7,0.00007052538,0.00000107968,0.0000849476],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999501,0.00003254542,0.0001074547,0.000004769329,7.669155e-7,0.000002719893,0.0002235853,8.40089e-7,0.0001263774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3186622,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6336148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009816848160974011,"score_gpt":0.2209735631240543,"score_spread":0.2111567149630803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}