{"id":"W4393344974","doi":"10.1111/exsy.13599","title":"Bankruptcy prediction using optimal ensemble models under balanced and imbalanced data","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Expert Systems","topic":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bankruptcy prediction; Ensemble forecasting; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Bankruptcy; Machine learning; Predictive modelling; Data mining; Economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004122913,0.0008177968,0.001269921,0.0009751683,0.0003232928,0.0009103565,0.0007407035,0.0007608776,0.0004986607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004679912,0.0003002978,0.0006643115,0.000673461,0.0002427614,0.001219491,0.0005894894,0.001101556,0.0002593048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005261994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008407031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007314814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005828229,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994251,0.0002342567,0.00002840044,0.0001189035,0.00009874647,0.00009473616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979264,0.001136051,0.0001449442,0.0001918906,0.0004958201,0.0001049604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001471906,0.00009472117,0.01080649,0.00001800576,0.000100893,0.00003956391,0.00003381415,0.9498985,0.0005947831,0.0005090279,0.0009553985,0.03680156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001794605,0.00001517353,0.0005720489,0.000002710364,0.000005447145,0.000002978633,0.000004312874,0.9989216,0.0001388106,0.0002902638,0.00004290235,0.000001965938],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.744075,0.001746162,0.2502693,0.0005494687,0.0001643673,0.00004499028,0.0003319376,0.0007285501,0.002090202],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855431,0.0001793148,0.01339774,0.00006663151,0.00004481969,0.00002020949,0.0002957705,0.00001806327,0.0004344104],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007314814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02180433,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06398042101674091,"score_gpt":0.2731778778691326,"score_spread":0.2091974568523917,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}