{"id":"W4393509548","doi":"10.47604/ijodl.2438","title":"Effectiveness of Distance Learning Technologies in Higher Education in Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Online and Distance Learning","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Distance education; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007134076,0.00007666038,0.0001799985,0.000264171,0.00004293554,0.00005190014,0.0001940491,0.0000491477,0.00002821987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004733411,0.0000715258,0.0000350484,0.0003172567,0.00006865617,0.0003209336,0.00002877057,0.0006530918,3.357415e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005384545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002942564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05305794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2872233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987885,0.0002132395,0.0003484577,0.0001237085,0.0003882765,0.0001378398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991519,0.0004142018,0.0001925737,0.00003024103,0.0001833594,0.00002771954],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001184478,0.00008433238,0.6880801,0.0001167331,0.0000314811,0.0001345823,0.0007434568,0.005086502,0.0003186513,0.01725405,0.0000239568,0.2880077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009010014,0.0001323464,0.35919,0.006589863,0.00002114332,0.00002359185,0.05453384,0.001706297,0.0001919017,0.005233413,0.5711558,0.0003207669],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878776,0.006431006,0.0003947298,0.003008808,0.0007848186,0.00004839412,0.000003495238,0.00001814815,0.001432979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977347,0.001055822,0.0004298871,0.000008780045,0.000148642,0.000001488309,0.000006604302,0.000007317635,0.0006067662],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5711318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9532478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01057270847536506,"score_gpt":0.3280748482660127,"score_spread":0.3175021397906477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}