{"id":"W4393579611","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2022-0454","title":"Reinforcing preloaded steel I-beams by considering welding heat effects and geometric imperfections","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Welding; Materials science; Flange; Beam (structure); I-beam; Structural engineering; Finite element method; Residual stress; Deformation (meteorology); Composite material; Metallurgy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002264667,0.0002556992,0.0003545421,0.001608608,0.0001113777,0.0003132617,0.000136659,0.0001145318,0.00005455656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002601265,0.0002673055,0.0001391742,0.001030426,0.00002681186,0.0004111305,0.00001460621,0.0006061615,0.000005078135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004249286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008039821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002417517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987679,0.00001138446,0.0004034364,0.0001595287,0.000167062,0.0004906605],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988722,0.0002803275,0.00002657337,0.0001401402,0.00005008427,0.0006307409],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001238876,8.101646e-7,0.0008271931,0.0008353425,0.0005126691,0.0003016554,0.0004494876,0.8769549,0.1154678,0.00009466761,0.002431543,0.002122745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000970762,0.0002515396,0.006481385,0.003859123,0.0007280286,0.004027252,0.0002539002,0.7600424,0.1945992,0.000113537,0.02703047,0.001642377],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9243609,0.05075035,0.02048183,0.00008258654,0.002698572,0.000140099,0.0000129809,0.0003203338,0.001152377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990878,0.0001827908,0.0003703311,0.00001146996,0.0002200689,0.000003874702,0.000001881797,0.00007338975,0.00004838482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1169125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999779,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003572849286503834,"score_gpt":0.1702225052373345,"score_spread":0.1666496559508306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}