{"id":"W4393858312","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00367-2","title":"Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lancet","topic":"COVID-19 and healthcare impacts","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2524,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus; Cilag; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Aging; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council; Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam; Robarts Research Institute; Queensland Brain Institute; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Russian Academy of Sciences; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Health and Medical Research Council; Medical Research Council; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis; Novo Nordisk Pharma; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; School of Medicine, Indiana University; Novartis Pharma; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Science and Engineering Research Board; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering; National Institutes of Health; Statistical Society of Australia; Wolkite University; University of Health and Allied Sciences; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Dilla University; University of West Attica; Debre Markos University; Madda Walabu University; North South University; Ajman University; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Alfaisal University; Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde; Rede de Química e Tecnologia; Western Sydney University; Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria; Homi Bhabha National Institute; Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde; Division of Mathematical Sciences; Universitatea Sapientia; Idorsia Pharmaceuticals; University of Asia Pacific; Duke Kunshan University; Cochrane South Africa; Jenderal Soedirman University; Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Southwest Medical University; European Regional Development Fund; Lingnan University; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; University of Oxford; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences; University of Nicosia; Imperial College London; Southern University of Science and Technology; Swedish Orphan Biovitrum; Health Canada; Chettinad Academy of Research and Education; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali; Peking Union Medical College; Universitas Hasanuddin; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide; Environmental Defense Fund; Australian Catholic University; Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; University of Rochester; Debreceni Egyetem; Universität Ulm; University of South Africa; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance; Emory University; Nanjing University; Fondation Botnar; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Lebanese American University; Tanta University; Addis Ababa University; Madras Diabetes Research Foundation; Universitas Sebelas Maret; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Universitas Mataram; Shaqra University; Allergan; University of Alberta; International Medical University; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Bharathiar University; Yasuj University of Medical Sciences; University of Cape Town; Southern Medical University; Zagazig University; University of Patras; Nazarbayev University; Servier; Wuhan University; African Population and Health Research Center; Technische Universität Berlin; Center for Drug Use and HIV Research; Universidade do Porto; University College London; Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; National Taiwan University; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Université de Genève; Universitas Indonesia; Management and Science University; Oulun Yliopisto; Bangladesh University of Health Sciences; Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie \"Carol Davila\" Bucureşti; NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre; University of Hail; Fasa University of Medical Sciences; James Madison University; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Universitat de Barcelona; National Taiwan University Hospital; Göteborgs Universitet; Semnan University; Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; National Research University Higher School of Economics; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; University of Florida Health; University of Jordan; Uniwersytet Łódzki; Universidade de São Paulo; Tehran Heart Center; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Injury Prevention Research Center; Birjand University of Medical Sciences; Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Shiraz University; Keele University; Universitetet i Bergen; American Heart Association; Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; H. Lundbeck A/S; Casen Recordati; University of Colombo; Houston Methodist Hospital; Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; London School of Economics and Political Science; Umeå Universitet; George Institute for Global Health; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Tribhuvan University; Queensland University of Technology; Zhejiang University; Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali; Shahroud University of Medical Sciences; Université de Bourgogne; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; University of Waterloo; Kuwait University; Majmaah University; Dalian University of Technology; Universiteit Stellenbosch; University of Crete; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre; Academia Sinica; Universiti Malaya; Sultan Qaboos University; McGill University; Stockholms Läns Landsting; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology; Intas Pharmaceuticals; Novo Nordisk; Universitas Gadjah Mada; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research; Karolinska Institutet; Jordan University of Science and Technology; University of St Andrews; Patuakhali Science and Technology University; Università di Bologna; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental; Hjärt-Lungfonden; A.T. Still University; National Research Foundation of Korea; National Science and Technology Council; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; University of the Western Cape; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Gazi Üniversitesi; Queen's University; Ministero della Salute; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Bundesministerium für Gesundheit; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology; Dalhousie University; La Trobe University; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation; Chandigarh University; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Danone; Chulalongkorn University; Chalmers Tekniska Högskola; Cleveland Clinic; Generalitat de Catalunya; Sydney Medical School; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Capital Medical University; University of Aberdeen; Washington University in St. Louis; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Daiichi Sankyo Europe; Wellcome Trust; Yunnan University; Korea University; Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences; Seoul National University; Virginia Commonwealth University; Universiti Brunei Darussalam; Taibah University; Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Sun Yat-sen University; American University of Sharjah; University of Canberra; Cairo University; Murdoch University; University of Tehran; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Monash University; King Saud University; Helmholtz Zentrum München; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; North Dakota State University; James Cook University; Semmelweis Egyetem; United Arab Emirates University; Sanofi; University of Thessaly; AXA Research Fund; Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Ahmadu Bello University; University of South Australia; Florida Department of Health; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Amity University; Public Health Foundation of India; Mahidol University; Indian Council of Medical Research; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; South African Medical Research Council; Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet; National Research Foundation; Fresenius Medical Care North America; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shandong University; Australian Academy of Science; King's College London; University of Toronto; Jackson State University; University of Southampton; Adamas University; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; BGI Group; Humanitas University; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; University of Tabriz; Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Tamilnadu State Council For Science And Technology; Ain Shams University; Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, King's College London, University of London; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; University of Zanjan; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Morehouse School of Medicine; Dezful University of Medical Sciences; SRM Institute of Science and Technology; Southeast University; Wollega University; European Commission; Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal; Yarmouk University; Universiteit Antwerpen; Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; California Department of Public Health; York University; University of Technology Sydney; Agios Pharmaceuticals; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Charity; Victoria University; University of Tabuk; Universiteit Utrecht; Duke-NUS Medical School; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Dire Dawa University; Universidad de Chile; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Brown University; Nord universitet; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS; Aksum University; Universitas Airlangga; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; University of Queensland; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Universidade de Lisboa; Islamic Azad University; University of Kelaniya; Amgen; Amarin Corporation; International Society of Nephrology; United Nations Population Fund; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; UK Research and Innovation; Qassim University; Umm Al-Qura University; Broad Institute; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Högskolan Dalarna; Tulane University; Universidad de Colima; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Yale University; Birzeit University; Hebei University; National Defense Medical College; Ohio State University; Johns Hopkins University; Northwell Health; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Queensland Health; Università degli Studi di Udine; Sheffield Hallam University; University of Leicester; McMaster University; Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării; Birmingham City University; United States Agency for International Development; Jimma University; University of Hull; Ministry of Education; University Of Nigeria Nsukka; University of Nevada, Las Vegas; University of Science and Technology of China; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; University of the Ryukyus; Tsinghua University; University of Pennsylvania; Naresuan University; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Alexandria University; Haramaya University; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University; Eli Lilly and Company; Indian Institute of Science; Flinders University; Rajarata University of Sri Lanka; Universidade de Coimbra; Boston Scientific Corporation; East Carolina University; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum; Amicus Therapeutics; Universidad El Bosque; Universität Basel; University of California, San Diego; Università di Catania; International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society; Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Università degli Studi di Milano; Hamad Medical Corporation; University of Otago; Directorate for Biological Sciences; Université de Bordeaux; Korean Diabetes Association; Indian Council of Agricultural Research; Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center; Salahaddin University-Erbil; Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Montana; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Hallym University; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Jazan University; Griffith University; Xiamen University; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli; Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Pfizer; Wachemo University; Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Fondazione Cariplo; Astellas Pharma; Michigan State University; AstraZeneca; Edwards Lifesciences; Loyola University Chicago; Universidade da Beira Interior; Lilly Deutschland; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave; Jamia Millia Islamia; George Mason University; Wenzhou Medical University; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Università degli Studi di Genova; Harvard Business School; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale; Mansoura University; Wayne State University; Harvard University; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Itä-Suomen Yliopisto; University of Missouri; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; Fudan University; Case Western Reserve University; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; Kurdistan University Of Medical Sciences; Universidade de Pernambuco; Brody School of Medicine; City University of Hong Kong; Houston Methodist Research Institute; Vanderbilt University; Arizona State University; Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale, Regione Emilia-Romagna; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; University of Washington; Alberta Health Services; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala; University of Southern California; Coventry University; Helsingin Yliopisto; Kaiser Permanente; Federation University Australia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; Aarhus Universitet; Charles Sturt University; Victoria University of Wellington; GAVI Alliance; Department of Health and Social Care; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences; Trinity College Dublin; Northwestern University; Babcock University; American Diabetes Association","keywords":"Life expectancy; Burden of disease; Disease burden; Disease; Environmental health; Medicine; Development economics; Economics; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null}