{"id":"W4394566593","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2024.2339364","title":"Police oversight in practice: the Special Investigations Unit and civilian police oversight in Ontario, Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policing & Society","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University; University of Guelph","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Unit (ring theory); Political science; Police science; Public administration; Criminology; Law; Criminal justice; Sociology; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001867268,0.0002889732,0.000515702,0.001841001,0.01200279,0.003909114,0.00217376,0.0008551779,0.003533178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00829432,0.0007149085,0.0003805633,0.007082315,0.005388977,0.001917519,0.003566087,0.001913096,0.0002180615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1313512,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1901406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9967289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9986116,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951491,0.0007120156,0.0002125634,0.0003739782,0.001654168,0.001898118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9845367,0.001250441,0.003208375,0.0003221534,0.004860706,0.005821627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001481327,0.0001984846,0.7487071,0.000204036,0.00004034459,0.00094869,0.2143314,0.0002518303,0.0004154458,0.002473791,0.004933668,0.02734723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007880813,0.0000521085,0.8117207,0.0001481505,0.000009265477,0.0001269941,0.1809975,0.000217972,0.00005061208,0.0001460589,0.006495979,0.00002669464],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896501,0.0008632222,0.00009444891,0.002951206,0.00002647967,0.00007314486,0.0002894409,0.000007146481,0.006044831],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967685,0.0007333311,0.0001126786,0.0002053215,0.00000868084,0.00001930857,0.00009723661,0.000006523909,0.002048404],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1313512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9530243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03694627928718694,"score_gpt":0.3283154473378342,"score_spread":0.2913691680506473,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}