{"id":"W4394620191","doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-47475-2","title":"Observation of spatiotemporal optical vortices enabled by symmetry-breaking slanted nanograting","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Education and Child Care","funders":"National Institute of Standards and Technology; Government of Jiangsu Province; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Physics; Optical vortex; Microscale chemistry; Angular momentum; Symmetry (geometry); Optics; Femtosecond; Symmetry breaking; Fourier transform; Optical tweezers; Classical mechanics; Laser; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009014981,0.0001203589,0.0001111786,0.0001813695,0.000133618,0.0002106455,0.0001863958,0.0002045096,0.0005324018],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001546776,0.00007602914,0.00007373569,0.0001345314,0.0002776305,0.0002927467,0.0002685786,0.0002890054,0.00007319395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002085142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001540321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001726323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002723485,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999456,0.000006005666,0.000002246436,0.00001118088,0.00001773793,0.00001718611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998707,0.00002168892,0.00005522009,0.00001574597,0.00001533974,0.00002129748],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005756139,0.00002829676,0.0003770638,0.0000257283,0.000002981404,0.00005902806,0.00004316065,0.0006566657,0.9919566,0.002841891,0.0001690524,0.003781949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002760585,0.0002631774,0.001523599,0.000005135245,0.000003701997,0.00007593053,0.00004882851,0.03291786,0.9627233,0.0008113791,0.001587087,0.00001231273],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885808,0.0001456292,0.009514801,0.00007585205,0.00003668606,0.00001370266,0.00007198795,0.0001113286,0.001449237],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965919,0.00003900228,0.003063308,0.00001350364,0.000005033413,0.000008012633,0.0000240019,0.000004911486,0.0002502804],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005324018,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001781046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01580255777281633,"score_gpt":0.2925353663862552,"score_spread":0.2767328086134389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}