{"id":"W4394719100","doi":"10.3390/fuels5020009","title":"Grindability of Torrefied Camelina Straw and Microparticle Evaluation by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Use as Biofuel","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuels","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Sugar Research and Development Corporation; BioFuelNet Canada","keywords":"Confocal laser scanning microscopy; Camelina; Biofuel; Straw; Microparticle; Materials science; Confocal laser scanning microscope; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Food science; Agronomy; Biology; Biomedical engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003108007,0.0004278767,0.0003222112,0.0003885516,0.0001824612,0.0003160197,0.0002117838,0.0003001567,0.000829594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000223377,0.0001579059,0.0004924944,0.0002435612,0.0001666933,0.0004007681,0.0001414944,0.000346688,0.0001845015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002949729,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001282351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001573072,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002860901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998324,0.00001319408,0.00001204246,0.00005000227,0.00006302003,0.00002924126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999891,0.00002004525,0.00002859672,0.000008120628,0.00004117068,0.0000111006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003693498,0.000007573135,0.0002511703,0.00002848629,0.000004452301,0.00002609951,0.00001476867,0.00003090203,0.998758,0.0000109594,0.000007362099,0.0008234619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004010055,0.0002225889,0.01189644,0.000004618716,0.00002083446,0.00006683731,0.00003704766,0.0004494179,0.9866797,0.00001187559,0.0006001111,0.000006480087],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9937763,0.001035274,0.004008454,0.00002822552,0.00002064407,0.00003681842,0.0004343046,0.00003700859,0.0006230421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858556,0.001328417,0.009683269,0.00006672807,0.00001425731,0.00006305282,0.0008784843,0.00004516357,0.002065009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001573072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003127873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01717549565066374,"score_gpt":0.277157226032659,"score_spread":0.2599817303819952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}