{"id":"W4394734582","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25269","title":"Cohesive particle–fluid systems: An overview of their <scp>CFD</scp> simulation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Particle (ecology); CFD-DEM; Fluid simulation; Mechanics; Aerospace engineering; Environmental science; Geology; Physics; Engineering; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003192477,0.0001518852,0.0002527203,0.0001200576,0.00002636597,0.00008782221,0.0002405003,0.00009393027,0.000009676451],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001159114,0.0001143001,0.0001252987,0.0002651486,0.00003361151,0.0001867758,0.000006759314,0.0003014467,0.000005415908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001544498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001289989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001531711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000328343,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990745,0.00001865984,0.0003913892,0.0000739297,0.0001614213,0.0002800524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999121,0.0002448445,0.00003253024,0.0001667848,0.0000884234,0.0003464166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001119273,0.000003134895,0.00002744515,0.0003274282,0.0001194578,0.00003684941,0.0009075546,0.6084584,0.3878467,0.001600274,0.0001979174,0.0004737092],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001155806,0.00002259222,0.00003200443,0.0003587738,0.00005396704,0.00007476969,0.00004454372,0.7797664,0.2161878,0.00007208503,0.003210653,0.00006088121],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9658608,0.02989568,0.003368473,0.0000373079,0.0006053641,0.00008738743,0.00002064972,0.00006464665,0.00005964205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999559,0.00004002643,0.00007007949,0.00001099415,0.0002672016,0.000002448671,0.000002774609,0.00004346968,0.000004045482],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1716589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4661021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02387846899290855,"score_gpt":0.2255060314726908,"score_spread":0.2016275624797823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}