{"id":"W4394741750","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-323-99931-1.00165-3","title":"Late Pleistocene in North America","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Ice sheet; Pleistocene; Wisconsin glaciation; Geology; Glacial period; Paleontology; Oceanography; Physical geography; Geomorphology; Ice stream; Sea ice; Geography; Cryosphere","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001421216,0.0002292167,0.0001281466,0.0008842486,0.001002603,0.0007618212,0.0002180449,0.0002884376,0.01938496],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000212904,0.0001405868,0.00006776831,0.002194698,0.0005024754,0.0007901938,0.0003557422,0.0004423983,0.001311005],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001220942,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001659642,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2025969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5624854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999957,0.000006383475,0.000002696029,0.00001281783,0.000009262082,0.00001174523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999424,0.00001113163,0.00001224909,0.000003490081,0.00001800287,0.0000126501],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001612587,0.00004502624,0.04800509,0.0008506691,0.00003936441,0.00102954,0.0243184,0.0006553107,0.003033943,0.04509579,0.1326853,0.7440804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004726723,0.00001075395,0.1185697,0.0003550444,0.000008157293,0.0002145622,0.002190128,0.00003995629,0.00009980631,0.001276948,0.8772259,0.000004306921],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.125086,0.219853,0.0007594706,0.00685807,0.001286826,0.00003667417,0.002952092,0.0001528243,0.643015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3474064,0.1603598,0.001753656,0.001129681,0.000571057,0.00004287938,0.002616411,0.0001352139,0.4859849],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7974031,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4028352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01760242128885634,"score_gpt":0.232106387838847,"score_spread":0.2145039665499906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}