{"id":"W4394748901","doi":"10.21144/wp24-04","title":"The Impact of Immigration on Firms and Workers: Insights from the H-1B Lottery","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Working Papers","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Lottery; Immigration; Productivity; Demographic economics; Scale (ratio); Labour economics; Census; Business; Economics; Political science; Economic growth; Sociology; Demography; Geography; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007007146,0.000146246,0.0006276587,0.0006093671,0.0009536948,0.001780666,0.0009770868,0.001128385,0.008819029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02182295,0.0002328957,0.0007010167,0.0006221718,0.001550621,0.0009872646,0.001552491,0.001152872,0.0007940938],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000796435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007605546,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006139046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00842149,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974045,0.001791034,0.00005614569,0.0002469949,0.0001505448,0.0003507513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9777875,0.01459202,0.003844343,0.001785814,0.0004372012,0.001553138],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00149526,0.001579206,0.83235,0.0001583542,0.0003237769,0.000804802,0.00269173,0.03040323,0.001791682,0.08130621,0.005402258,0.04169354],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002995608,0.001342775,0.7823969,0.0001018825,0.0001852435,0.0003889177,0.007321974,0.1331142,0.0009736448,0.0680228,0.005716483,0.0001356603],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928896,0.0001215214,0.002207387,0.0009415575,0.00001467414,0.00004524552,0.0002675106,0.00001480953,0.003497615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997825,0.00005963491,0.0005156199,0.0001435769,0.00001457055,0.00003185422,0.0001475396,0.000003975435,0.001258246],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008819029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03705782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01945008888933523,"score_gpt":0.3006313497973123,"score_spread":0.2811812609079771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}