{"id":"W4394855842","doi":"10.1177/00219347241245365","title":"Anti-Black Racism in the Ontario Public School System: Problematizing the Labeling of Young Black Students as Troublemakers","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Black Studies","topic":"Education Discipline and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Saint Mary's University","funders":"","keywords":"Racism; School system; Sociology; Poverty; Perception; Gender studies; Criminology; Black male; Pedagogy; Psychology; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003880831,0.0002323643,0.0002805489,0.00286122,0.02081074,0.004268583,0.001408269,0.0009824726,0.001675299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0102371,0.0002953742,0.0001793302,0.003096413,0.0141354,0.002049431,0.004329655,0.001563874,0.0001061276],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.05093098,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04957687,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9476637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9865855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958848,0.001582101,0.00009770576,0.0002479053,0.001162008,0.001025373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9933093,0.001519608,0.002320263,0.000297996,0.001665644,0.000887201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004116004,0.0000357056,0.2192876,0.00008967564,0.000009199666,0.0004555065,0.7454472,0.00007854052,0.0006094929,0.01024209,0.002157256,0.02154651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004583892,0.00002325656,0.2343673,0.0001648546,0.00001719872,0.0001396468,0.7440681,0.0002967794,0.0002998628,0.001167896,0.01942939,0.00002122989],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9823986,0.0002909169,0.0002911442,0.005191558,0.0000221334,0.00003145347,0.0000274115,0.000003921989,0.01174299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972532,0.0003392467,0.0002725136,0.0003530245,0.000006999952,0.00001444477,0.00001806174,0.000004549516,0.001737878],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.949069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3695318,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1325992737847323,"score_gpt":0.4304940928361902,"score_spread":0.2978948190514579,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}