{"id":"W4394864375","doi":"10.1145/3650215.3650342","title":"A Survey of Behavioral Biometric Authentication on Smartphones","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Biometrics; Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol; Chip Authentication Program; Computer science; Authentication (law); Multi-factor authentication; Authentication protocol; Challenge–response authentication; Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol; Password; Computer security; Generic Bootstrapping Architecture; Email authentication; Touchscreen; Human–computer interaction","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006289848,0.00005995464,0.0001031938,0.0006972344,0.00003619401,0.00005055677,0.0004656879,0.00003319942,0.00002487382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005237974,0.00005111298,0.00003450245,0.003944465,0.00002061908,0.0001137618,0.00007784647,0.00002989754,0.0008368081],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000114964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002577691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006196268,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008027471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990842,0.00009957153,0.0002195309,0.0001934079,0.0002782758,0.000124955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991471,0.0001321431,0.00007133304,0.0004748659,0.0001265848,0.00004799652],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003957903,0.003411493,0.3890586,0.0002219445,0.0001283369,0.00001506824,0.1458798,0.000009692534,0.02107125,0.2486091,0.03297643,0.1585788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001498916,0.00008467289,0.9277325,0.000007344193,0.000002449417,6.660651e-7,0.0000471504,0.06857959,0.002668216,0.0003022616,0.0003372617,0.00008798215],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863067,0.00001209276,0.0120437,0.0003326935,0.0004515805,0.0001414651,0.00000850365,0.000295701,0.0004075928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984885,0.000003395849,0.0001618497,0.00002867933,0.000005810396,0.000009031751,0.00002143612,0.000003998829,0.001277288],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5386739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09669020738062961,"score_gpt":0.3341783410278961,"score_spread":0.2374881336472665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}