{"id":"W4394964028","doi":"10.25071/8mtwn458","title":"Forty years after the Charter: How routine use of the notwithstanding clause is transforming minority rights in Québec","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canada Watch","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Charter; Political science; Law; Law and economics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006682984,0.0002308566,0.0004190373,0.0007697957,0.02898687,0.01106989,0.002131803,0.005733287,0.01218277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01057169,0.0003625543,0.0004740196,0.00139376,0.01084126,0.003838955,0.003361746,0.01026026,0.00053856],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1080927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2205526,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9950677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9976325,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9940403,0.001270282,0.00007552874,0.0003556698,0.001077636,0.003180552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9902171,0.00201791,0.0004064404,0.0003254962,0.003771836,0.003261256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001940185,0.0001948038,0.03344596,0.0001535328,0.00005294637,0.001303133,0.2095391,0.0005645512,0.001383011,0.3262225,0.337214,0.08973243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003266954,0.0000562229,0.05888293,0.000364891,0.00005679554,0.0001240187,0.1490532,0.0004457389,0.0005935307,0.005790392,0.7844359,0.000163633],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3484696,0.008045249,0.000894441,0.4641652,0.002735298,0.00008666702,0.0005616505,0.00006591745,0.1749761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8293313,0.002116406,0.0004200335,0.04408266,0.0002793664,0.00004432435,0.0001011364,0.00008523755,0.1235394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1080927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7842708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01199527428224515,"score_gpt":0.1989362586123051,"score_spread":0.18694098433006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}