{"id":"W4395008819","doi":"10.1002/smll.202400849","title":"Spontaneous Rise of Hydrogen Microbubbles in Interfacial Gas Evolution Reaction","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Small","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; National Research Foundation; Alberta Innovates; National Research Foundation of Korea; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Microbubbles; Materials science; Hydrogen; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Chemical physics; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Physics; Ultrasound","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005913971,0.00006447487,0.00007983989,0.0001136108,0.000006167766,0.000008200387,0.00003996747,0.0000574351,0.00001934519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002034523,0.00006815798,0.00003629329,0.00009571717,0.00001053999,0.00003529447,0.0000050907,0.0000995917,0.00003158507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001170495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001213789,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001706209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0016988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996364,0.000006340929,0.0001334615,0.00008348317,0.00003662015,0.0001037197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998979,0.00001018941,0.000002144484,0.00006440395,0.000007798701,0.00001753693],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002799255,0.00002014372,0.0002107479,0.0002715719,0.00002906105,0.0002196268,0.0005218443,0.01691643,0.9721868,0.002822651,0.00007781204,0.006695311],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003722799,0.00009495651,0.003920773,0.0004421878,0.00004417132,0.0003844112,0.0000698544,0.9507111,0.03620877,0.002133005,0.005294455,0.0003240236],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936503,0.001300938,0.002618758,0.00002438433,0.0003155075,0.0000666808,0.00001779035,0.0001070293,0.001898614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996153,0.000125762,0.000123378,0.000001682592,0.00004252907,0.00000344313,0.000005440375,0.00001722052,0.00006531731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9359781,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2779402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006899554114238494,"score_gpt":0.1882261656425611,"score_spread":0.1813266115283226,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}