{"id":"W4395021161","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107654","title":"Electrorefining for copper tramp element removal from molten iron for green steelmaking","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Resources Conservation and Recycling","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Steelmaking; Metallurgy; Copper; Electrowinning; Tramp; Materials science; Chemistry; Electrode","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002398383,0.0001383282,0.0001738694,0.00006203078,0.0001122499,0.0001145226,0.00006494063,0.00009039012,0.00001373298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002939579,0.0001184546,0.00007684381,0.00008977085,0.00001650085,0.00008616417,0.00001243771,0.0001059716,0.000001551423],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003210502,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009784055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003892442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003390899,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991989,0.00001183904,0.0002689097,0.0002198606,0.00009087864,0.0002096529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994425,0.0003726512,0.00003140239,0.00007590633,0.00002821866,0.0000493054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006825071,0.00007597104,0.000540252,0.007078094,0.001308784,0.00003274159,0.008431771,0.09614301,0.1421869,0.09009025,0.001234891,0.6521949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002814989,0.00003095436,0.00007574973,0.0001400741,0.0000440835,0.000003267075,0.0001134528,0.7789615,0.0002093678,0.001871293,0.2181343,0.0001344956],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8382854,0.005702094,0.1520526,0.0007427442,0.000255768,0.0003977019,0.00004555765,0.0003438011,0.002174336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899408,0.0002771585,0.008229883,0.0002186461,0.0003157628,0.0000704682,0.0001072641,0.0000607758,0.0007792448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6828185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.483044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01968527419219385,"score_gpt":0.2469283266419053,"score_spread":0.2272430524497114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}