{"id":"W4395066086","doi":"10.5539/apr.v16n1p143","title":"Fractional and Unitary Electric Charges I: Classical Foundations of Quantum Effects","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Research","topic":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Unitary state; Physics; Quantum; Quantum mechanics; Quantum electrodynamics; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001010488,0.0003830635,0.0003189447,0.0009551498,0.001332368,0.003141575,0.0008125907,0.001124677,0.003943185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002208825,0.0002565366,0.0005218501,0.0004491039,0.009238187,0.004381511,0.00165023,0.00188023,0.0004468189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002274315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009779899,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001243999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007534235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995164,0.0001511096,0.00002362335,0.00008785121,0.0001506359,0.00007048972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992087,0.0003586292,0.00007827962,0.0001596624,0.0001225634,0.00007211911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001854015,0.00000137329,0.00001014598,0.000003240496,3.737783e-7,0.000003997984,0.0000261451,0.0001114746,0.00004312107,0.9990084,0.0001646101,0.0006251771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002369666,0.000005066726,0.00003302591,0.000007180252,8.482115e-7,0.000009799173,0.00001953651,0.0009915885,0.00006569221,0.99551,0.003351528,0.000003350467],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08853875,0.01882096,0.2351414,0.01554898,0.003783362,0.00005440036,0.0002227482,0.0003246311,0.6375648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9218818,0.003863914,0.03197102,0.001324139,0.001892371,0.00008676321,0.00004056478,0.00007024001,0.03886919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003943185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01650143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0324639404896489,"score_gpt":0.3675110026909523,"score_spread":0.3350470622013034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}