{"id":"W4395485077","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae1041","title":"Investigating cosmic homogeneity using multifractal analysis of the SDSS-IV eBOSS DR16 quasar catalogue","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Colorado Boulder; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; China National Textile and Apparel Council; Science and Engineering Research Board; Nanjing University; University of Toronto; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Heising-Simons Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; University of Utah; Harvard University; Ohio State University; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Carnegie Institution of Washington; National Science Foundation; New Mexico State University; Yale University; Space Telescope Science Institute; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Smithsonian Institution","keywords":"Physics; Quasar; Homogeneity (statistics); Astrophysics; Multifractal system; Redshift; Sky; Scaling; Dark energy; Fractal dimension; Fractal; Statistical physics; Cosmology; Statistics; Geometry; Mathematical analysis; Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006452266,0.0001553414,0.0002059998,0.005776912,0.0002767227,0.0006902661,0.0001730479,0.0001545607,0.0006572269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002477073,0.00007475443,0.0003646392,0.002164219,0.0002708551,0.0003707381,0.0004599605,0.0001547586,0.0001632832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003557463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001348692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006152642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005207697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996517,0.00007692537,0.00002687863,0.00008275421,0.0001052278,0.00005645209],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980006,0.0006004345,0.0006383271,0.0003119437,0.0002677546,0.0001809763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006036609,0.00003918806,0.9633844,0.00003468259,0.0001408553,0.0002172022,0.0005357387,0.007296138,0.005549045,0.001886953,0.0007014262,0.02015396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001476104,0.00001444503,0.9880881,0.000004396163,0.00001026163,0.00007976667,0.0001301915,0.0103869,0.0003797855,0.0003308072,0.0005674628,0.000006386541],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997818,0.00008414167,0.001124316,0.00001494407,0.000001092802,0.000003603626,0.0005775618,0.00002281051,0.0003534961],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977161,0.00002724387,0.0006995852,0.000003063948,0.000006448471,0.000003337666,0.001462316,0.000005738469,0.0000762565],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006152642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01223361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01250713918462266,"score_gpt":0.2269399432843954,"score_spread":0.2144328040997727,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}