{"id":"W4395674548","doi":"10.5539/hes.v14n2p116","title":"Lost in Statistics","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Statistics; Statistical analysis; Psychology; Mathematics education; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003313422,0.0001129496,0.0001796026,0.0001885579,0.000038888,0.0000476831,0.0000694517,0.00003525057,0.0007091255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005398465,0.00009579361,0.00002129523,0.0002989807,0.00007607834,0.0000552253,0.00002985491,0.000107805,0.0004067982],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001268333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002341203,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009740907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000147913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991757,0.00009659085,0.0002599741,0.0001977991,0.0001243297,0.0001456238],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971496,0.002440363,0.00003888171,0.0001594671,0.0001795178,0.00003218473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001483159,0.00005815861,0.0003783844,0.0001899355,0.00002613361,0.000001671483,0.0009906116,2.012983e-7,0.000009200543,0.5686239,0.4271699,0.002550367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005147315,0.00001129254,0.007561262,0.0001221708,0.00003103376,0.000002889576,0.003912915,0.0000047265,0.00005194293,0.6441295,0.3440055,0.0001153594],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.2709896,0.2129099,0.07230171,0.04590113,0.2249085,0.002599785,0.0009867797,0.002249043,0.1671536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.146793,0.002040782,0.5372195,0.0009722593,0.0009595319,0.0002982567,0.00004176174,0.00006518297,0.3116097],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4649178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7764427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4570436607619466,"score_gpt":0.5675773185979447,"score_spread":0.1105336578359981,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}