{"id":"W4396544850","doi":"10.3390/life14050564","title":"Is Life Binary or Gradual?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Life","topic":"Origins and Evolution of Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Living systems; Epistemology; Perspective (graphical); Context (archaeology); Binary number; Framing (construction); Binary opposition; Theoretical physics; Philosophy; Mathematics; Ecology; Biology; Computer science; Physics; History; Artificial intelligence; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003900534,0.0002732351,0.0004210453,0.001434192,0.003809688,0.007681742,0.001009172,0.001658026,0.003437901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01197529,0.0002781126,0.0004272024,0.0007788616,0.03550706,0.01374643,0.004391261,0.003207782,0.0006078714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003209939,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001481186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001484332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001444536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974566,0.0008488679,0.0001207507,0.0007051998,0.0005466838,0.0003218278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948521,0.002533244,0.0007371537,0.0006940051,0.0005751631,0.0006082069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000223339,0.000004766185,0.0007353292,0.00006329155,0.00000498874,0.00007413347,0.00350525,0.00009731046,0.0002008926,0.9882349,0.0007874721,0.006269411],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006511212,0.00002351231,0.001269288,0.0001555478,0.000009537504,0.000256556,0.004081905,0.0003061827,0.0002268791,0.9552968,0.0383478,0.00001955836],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2345362,0.02704049,0.1384229,0.1128818,0.003007552,0.0001420227,0.0005346389,0.0002750207,0.4831595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864787,0.002902495,0.004543546,0.001721959,0.0003412518,0.00004905903,0.00009124618,0.00004260218,0.003829091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007681742,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0232898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03101898310493303,"score_gpt":0.294997781185983,"score_spread":0.26397879808105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}