{"id":"W4396544850","doi":"10.3390/life14050564","title":"Is Life Binary or Gradual?","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Life","topic":"Origins and Evolution of Life","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Living systems; Epistemology; Perspective (graphical); Context (archaeology); Binary number; Framing (construction); Binary opposition; Theoretical physics; Philosophy; Mathematics; Ecology; Biology; Computer science; Physics; History; Artificial intelligence; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006495757,0.000119142,0.0001281253,0.00005804129,0.00008631359,0.00009941628,0.0001046381,0.00002926321,0.007580443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006383486,0.00008896599,0.0001126873,0.0002086095,0.00002849099,0.0001414375,0.00004345511,0.0001304138,0.001924167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001044913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002064607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001006336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.399104e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992487,0.00001495074,0.0001702505,0.0002152251,0.0001403793,0.0002105027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995262,0.00003882406,0.00002201902,0.0001810248,0.0000186054,0.000213346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001553844,0.00006627193,0.009986322,0.0000375953,0.0001155803,0.000008137187,0.000273019,0.00001283484,0.00005372574,0.06139542,0.9252852,0.002750314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001712707,0.00005133932,0.002024374,0.00003901959,0.00002321989,6.66487e-7,0.0002309269,0.001817678,0.0001147082,0.001606064,0.9937519,0.0001688396],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8161637,0.002689647,0.004971231,0.03419687,0.005340924,0.0003961894,0.000615094,0.00076532,0.1348611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9759027,0.00001078866,0.0001788658,0.001335375,0.002208788,0.00001443811,0.00002225542,0.00002184089,0.02030495],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.159739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03101898310493303,"score_gpt":0.294997781185983,"score_spread":0.26397879808105,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}