{"id":"W4396589252","doi":"10.1186/s42400-023-00200-w","title":"Study of smart grid cyber-security, examining architectures, communication networks, cyber-attacks, countermeasure techniques, and challenges","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cybersecurity","topic":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","field":"Engineering","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université du Québec à Rimouski","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Countermeasure; Computer security; Computer science; Smart grid; Cyber threats; Computer network; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001276926,0.0004784493,0.0003725491,0.003413553,0.0007018105,0.003401431,0.0004257437,0.001142206,0.001802594],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002464892,0.0002361595,0.000449447,0.004395106,0.001781101,0.006523649,0.0007937004,0.001268084,0.0002347237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002051251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002802299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002551718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004510664,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992417,0.0003484374,0.0000484587,0.00008734152,0.0002111907,0.00006289732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973736,0.001859964,0.0002558426,0.00008537139,0.0003376514,0.00008751368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003390194,0.0001532897,0.01612306,0.006140495,0.0001696954,0.0004655863,0.003844422,0.01405166,0.001976424,0.5971583,0.01626694,0.3436162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001094594,0.0003240502,0.03167871,0.01306165,0.000150629,0.001265617,0.02486521,0.0227229,0.002558847,0.4200024,0.4832737,0.00008533846],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.1160938,0.6614136,0.0738661,0.05289324,0.00124304,0.0002282679,0.0003556177,0.0001263013,0.09378004],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4632,0.5030518,0.0216972,0.003281116,0.001107603,0.0001281954,0.0002678074,0.00003450279,0.007231858],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003413553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01488292,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02664393548385223,"score_gpt":0.2468826071030695,"score_spread":0.2202386716192173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}