{"id":"W4396598950","doi":"10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i4/21172","title":"An Investigation on Scientific Writing Difficulties & Writing Process","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","topic":"Academic Writing and Publishing","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Writing process; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009281914,0.00008775298,0.0001300259,0.001044522,0.0009712478,0.003924083,0.0007510372,0.00009637983,0.00004560272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004731661,0.00006647507,0.00003172484,0.0004725144,0.001859793,0.002915171,0.00006349135,0.001206022,0.000004414414],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009565762,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003765843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000167121,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000614119,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970467,0.0001968424,0.0004984455,0.0002458671,0.001714853,0.0002972631],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980221,0.0005302901,0.0001444924,0.00002933329,0.001213328,0.00006041542],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006530141,0.0000757709,0.01990663,0.0002651202,0.00003466935,0.00006372786,0.248084,0.0004665159,0.002413004,0.6510905,0.007692551,0.06984226],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001225854,0.0003579886,0.04801528,0.012162,0.00002774005,0.0002447699,0.4412395,0.009192695,0.0004195377,0.3487798,0.1373021,0.001032787],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.970605,0.0007664624,0.00001039525,0.02513392,0.001116305,0.00005214793,0.000009015289,0.00002032639,0.002286443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948021,0.000186966,0.00004289408,0.0001498165,0.004621829,0.000003177647,0.00000626754,0.00000732911,0.0001796551],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3023107,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971099,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2654222588895138,"score_gpt":0.4534844097176662,"score_spread":0.1880621508281524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}