{"id":"W4396598950","doi":"10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i4/21172","title":"An Investigation on Scientific Writing Difficulties &amp; Writing Process","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences","topic":"Academic Writing and Publishing","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Process (computing); Writing process; Mathematics education; Computer science; Psychology; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01850474,0.0004784589,0.0007165365,0.003139003,0.003631363,0.00634724,0.00146057,0.00153883,0.001873985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1217735,0.0005316394,0.0005747711,0.001900877,0.003359414,0.00506002,0.004872037,0.002426181,0.0005536473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001960149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00366549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001236919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001120894,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9731458,0.01358708,0.002952949,0.001525658,0.007601933,0.001186569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8422121,0.1096625,0.02813271,0.003724122,0.01279987,0.003468755],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"reporting","domain_candidate":"reporting","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001432634,0.000393423,0.09221461,0.0007793945,0.00002731905,0.002432721,0.8491803,0.0001637039,0.003881412,0.00149942,0.0008166182,0.0484678],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002996679,0.0005264373,0.07279281,0.0009170366,0.00003555947,0.004256328,0.8933439,0.001109804,0.003503489,0.001966798,0.02141366,0.0001042946],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993009,0.0004004001,0.001967679,0.0006217434,0.00003420481,0.0001291472,0.00003983029,0.00001969198,0.003778264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957976,0.000391455,0.001741668,0.0001857847,0.00001924845,0.0001650741,0.00003745268,0.00001803443,0.001643811],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9814953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09786355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2654222588895138,"score_gpt":0.4534844097176662,"score_spread":0.1880621508281524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}