{"id":"W4396641187","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123336","title":"Experimental study and performance enhancement of a novel micro heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal system in a cold region","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Norges Forskningsråd; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Materials science; Photovoltaic system; Nanofluid; Thermal efficiency; Heat exchanger; Energy conversion efficiency; Thermal resistance; Thermal; Composite material; Environmental science; Nuclear engineering; Meteorology; Mechanical engineering; Optoelectronics; Electrical engineering; Engineering; Nanotechnology; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002653107,0.0002697702,0.0002747901,0.0001255201,0.0004499382,0.0002460008,0.0004168323,0.000349391,0.002380919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002497071,0.0001930474,0.0002566705,0.0001730332,0.0003339493,0.0004887648,0.000201012,0.0003153527,0.0002971412],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002608981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000228755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005263358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006043334,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998201,0.00002530497,0.00000722067,0.00004932927,0.00006481082,0.00003317516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997904,0.00005505287,0.00004258674,0.00003285267,0.00006089167,0.00001829473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002043993,0.00006372815,0.0005677916,0.00008790426,0.000006352478,0.00006120884,0.00007128589,0.0005693543,0.9957355,0.0001318556,0.0001125453,0.002387972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002619638,0.001292312,0.004373737,0.00000447839,0.00002087167,0.00009824619,0.00006555089,0.004698707,0.9883488,0.00003040126,0.001028919,0.0000118129],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938467,0.0001533645,0.004539726,0.00005451161,0.00002612066,0.0000269853,0.00009111789,0.00009674026,0.001164782],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973922,0.00005505286,0.001661097,0.000006839228,0.000009689747,0.00001240694,0.00002748146,0.000009994653,0.0008253012],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002380919,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007964909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01218452719042572,"score_gpt":0.2053816134589514,"score_spread":0.1931970862685257,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}