{"id":"W4396686951","doi":"10.29173/mlj1320","title":"The Unconstitutionality of Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manitoba Law Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Political science; Constitutional review; Constitutional amendment; Constitution","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001975367,0.0001273095,0.0001776204,0.00007247328,0.009321022,0.0001470563,0.0004006788,0.00007170885,0.0001287996],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004306867,0.00009336889,0.0001725136,0.0005242157,0.01489473,0.0002808448,0.0001037201,0.000266031,0.0002479008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002794244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001324519,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01252743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07362961,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975519,0.0002191524,0.0004637596,0.0001553202,0.001160391,0.0004494794],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984803,0.0004955083,0.0002138237,0.0001081806,0.0005411654,0.0001610868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000255031,0.0000366718,0.005428113,0.000002014531,0.00009806341,0.00002543738,0.0001200244,0.0001176091,0.00003296916,0.9881352,0.003860822,0.002117562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003295722,0.00001771699,0.003674012,0.00003925417,0.00002733157,0.00004892912,0.01010143,0.000004673892,0.00003782333,0.3871784,0.5984118,0.0001290367],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08039516,0.001684481,0.001905276,0.01670441,0.008535588,0.0005406924,0.0001984363,0.0002468119,0.8897892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978183,0.0007848751,0.00008539919,0.0002155493,0.0009817482,0.00001420342,0.000009614338,0.000002802391,0.00008751127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9174231,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9940482,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05508427168182838,"score_gpt":0.3195592962365658,"score_spread":0.2644750245547374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}