{"id":"W4396716080","doi":"10.29173/mlj1133","title":"Confronting Animal Cruelty: Understanding Evidence of Harm Towards Animals","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manitoba Law Journal","topic":"Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg; University of Manitoba; University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Cruelty; Harm; Criminology; Animal welfare; Environmental ethics; Psychology; Biology; Social psychology; Ecology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005495152,0.0001170887,0.0002043794,0.00004049607,0.000261967,0.00007257876,0.0002968987,0.00006834148,0.005130126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006940981,0.0001042289,0.00009779872,0.0001177838,0.0002283894,0.0004494778,0.0001324653,0.0002445583,0.0003419975],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000222976,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002205332,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00222189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003418515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987783,0.0000964349,0.0003449296,0.0001826307,0.0003438919,0.0002538159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993893,0.00008459909,0.0002607602,0.000152418,0.00002482786,0.0000881218],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002284011,0.00007079489,0.8942406,0.00004488474,0.00009802187,0.0000537544,0.0005944306,0.0002256805,0.072011,0.02557573,0.003326095,0.003530623],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001782263,0.001201486,0.892529,0.0006681578,0.000278537,0.0007976088,0.05393245,0.002122053,0.01924073,0.01453458,0.01203012,0.0008830074],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811171,0.0002631366,0.0008748767,0.001256504,0.0002047939,0.00008327761,0.000001007516,0.00001923505,0.01618007],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984661,0.00004169745,0.00074085,0.0005956994,0.00006370099,9.13116e-7,3.259032e-7,0.000009482256,0.00008118882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05333802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9957793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1423981332150645,"score_gpt":0.3077999603393664,"score_spread":0.1654018271243019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}