{"id":"W4396767694","doi":"10.1016/j.compchemeng.2024.108717","title":"A hybrid clustering approach integrating first-principles knowledge with data for fault detection in HVAC systems","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"HVAC; Cluster analysis; Fault detection and isolation; Computer science; Data mining; Fault (geology); Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Systems engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006665883,0.0006505198,0.0006371715,0.001460559,0.0004260941,0.0008045929,0.0008233861,0.0006745395,0.0005519373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001646041,0.0004007343,0.0008404467,0.0009699691,0.0004277272,0.0008939267,0.0007040372,0.0006200877,0.0002190348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005824907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007515516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006794973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006070389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995496,0.00008982951,0.00002800381,0.000117416,0.0001769031,0.00003820085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994172,0.0002346034,0.00006780197,0.00007226187,0.0001916025,0.00001662083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008906835,0.000113914,0.002120989,0.0001580827,0.0001473158,0.0001015182,0.000176977,0.7356327,0.0155572,0.007258817,0.0006921013,0.2379512],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002031206,0.00001842925,0.0006804618,0.000005587446,0.000009810949,0.00002117347,0.00001249953,0.9953945,0.001526361,0.002017231,0.0003042701,0.000007743829],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02046252,0.0001728975,0.978231,0.00006624509,0.00001225814,0.0000284868,0.00004326894,0.0002909904,0.0006922949],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6603013,0.0004009352,0.3369012,0.00007639747,0.00004825488,0.0001141688,0.0002576678,0.00006962939,0.001830462],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006794973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01351082,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01788665251709136,"score_gpt":0.2182071282202867,"score_spread":0.2003204757031954,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}