{"id":"W4396816991","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06014","title":"Beam-induced backgrounds measured in the ATLAS detector during local gas injection into the LHC beam vacuum","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Journal of Instrumentation","topic":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"CHIST-ERA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; European Social Fund; High Energy Physics; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; University of California, Irvine; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Institut de Física d'Altes Energies; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; National Technical University of Athens; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology; Technische Universität Dortmund; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej; National University of Science and Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Universidade do Minho; Gaziantep Üniversitesi; Nanjing University; University of South Africa; University of the Philippines; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Universitatea din București; Universidad de Tarapacá; University of Cape Town; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Université Cadi Ayyad; University of Tsukuba; Nuclear Physics; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Universidad de Granada; Univerza v Ljubljani; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; United Arab Emirates University; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Università di Bologna; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Universidade de Lisboa; Universidade de Coimbra; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Universidade de São Paulo; Royal Holloway, University of London; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Universitetet i Oslo; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Università degli Studi di Pavia; Zhengzhou University; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Universitatea Transilvania din Brasov; TRIUMF; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Simon Fraser University; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; European Commission; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Lunds Universitet; Sun Yat-sen University; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Radboud Universiteit; Vetenskapsrådet; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Sapienza Università di Roma; Universität Innsbruck; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Université de Fribourg; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Universität Heidelberg; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Tsinghua University; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; University College London; University of Zululand; Royal Society; Université de Genève; University of Toronto; Université Hassan II de Casablanca; Generalitat Valenciana; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; McGill University; Univerzita Karlova v Praze; Generalitat de Catalunya; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; University of Alberta; Norges Forskningsråd; Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; University of Glasgow; York University; Division of Physics; Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Louisiana Tech University; Université Paris-Saclay; Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci; University of Johannesburg; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Southern Methodist University; Canarie; Universität Siegen; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; Università di Pisa; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Technische Universität Dresden; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Université Grenoble Alpes; Argonne National Laboratory; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Ministry of Education, India; CERN; Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara 'Horia Hulubei'; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London; Ankara Universitesi; Israel Science Foundation; New York University Abu Dhabi; Instituto Superior Técnico; Brandeis University; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Institute of High Energy Physics; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; University of Oregon; Sorbonne Université; Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan; University of Pittsburgh; University of Bern; Iowa State University; Harvard University; Queen Mary University of London; Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique; Stockholms Universitet; Academia Sinica; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; University of Sussex; Université Savoie Mont Blanc; Università degli Studi di Trento; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Michigan State University; Baden-Württemberg Stiftung; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Leverhulme Trust; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; European Regional Development Fund; Akademie Věd České Republiky; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft; Slovenská Akadémia Vied; Università della Calabria; U.S. Department of Energy; Shandong University; Ohio State University; Aix-Marseille Université; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Tsing Hua University; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; České Vysoké Učení Technické v Praze; University of Oxford; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Justus Liebig Universität Gießen; Tel Aviv University; University of Oklahoma; Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd; Université de Toulouse; Northern Illinois University; University of Washington; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Oklahoma State University; National Science Foundation; Stony Brook University; Institut \"Jožef Stefan\"; Universitetet i Bergen; University of Texas at Arlington; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Austrian Science Fund; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Grantová Agentura České Republiky; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Large Hadron Collider; Atlas (anatomy); Physics; Beam (structure); Interaction point; Nuclear physics; Monte Carlo method; Optics; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000819594,0.0002260837,0.0002341554,0.0001995473,0.00017789,0.0002726984,0.0003548616,0.00009133601,0.00005200775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006388674,0.0001415192,0.0001842697,0.0003070046,0.00003748807,0.0002500547,0.0001396265,0.001140143,0.00002648218],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003117784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000226357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002600225,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009562023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982749,0.0001208327,0.0006905771,0.0001824005,0.0005200793,0.0002112739],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990914,0.00005160066,0.0005110871,0.0001879737,0.0001131075,0.0000448296],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001189992,0.0004703861,0.1190372,0.0006208332,0.001600282,0.00004151491,0.08055662,0.01172041,0.4066083,0.0003189792,0.0005196161,0.3773159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00258652,0.0004194323,0.2118151,0.001041877,0.0003361088,0.00008299608,0.01632166,0.003471497,0.7491907,0.01379642,0.0002606129,0.0006769738],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971297,0.00009493291,0.0002947255,0.0004151476,0.00159616,0.0002717047,0.000003340598,0.000009950049,0.0001843014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989282,0.00001839487,0.00008885529,0.00002588869,0.0008535287,0.00003060485,0.0000128664,0.00001949164,0.00002216682],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3766389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5770983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02007559292504466,"score_gpt":0.2675295363738724,"score_spread":0.2474539434488277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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