{"id":"W4396846585","doi":"10.26425/1816-4277-2024-3-102-111","title":"Regional differentiation of the tax burden on personal income in Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vestnik Universiteta","topic":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Personal income tax; Income tax; Economics; Personal income; State income tax; High income countries; Business; Gross income; Public economics; Tax reform; Economic growth; Developing country","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005051485,0.00006583658,0.0001430735,0.00009872297,0.00004613766,0.00001043584,0.0001371627,0.00002628787,0.0001546718],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008298514,0.00005993233,0.00005603512,0.0001560639,0.0000351149,0.00007288651,0.00005293903,0.0000994307,0.00003753643],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005069802,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007893678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3790365,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.260474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995366,0.000007005528,0.0001626846,0.0001646288,0.00002623905,0.000102862],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997646,0.00004931759,0.00006738838,0.00009263283,0.000005308603,0.00002074826],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002012274,0.00002100685,0.6259094,0.0000541504,0.000106884,0.00001017451,0.001461279,0.0003534157,0.000009025479,0.3661578,0.005118718,0.0007779999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002951434,0.00002439551,0.9251558,0.00007111647,0.000006376784,0.000001204472,0.0007366388,0.007339211,0.00001051951,0.004929355,0.06128654,0.0001437231],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9790108,0.0008193357,0.00002896605,0.002810825,0.0003494274,0.00005986104,0.0001354987,0.000005539939,0.01677976],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996599,0.00008076261,0.000005617035,0.00009146256,0.0000403399,6.153095e-7,0.000004389916,0.000005111531,0.003172697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3612285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7530205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01876776043628125,"score_gpt":0.1629970924866196,"score_spread":0.1442293320503384,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}