{"id":"W4396886090","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-61044-z","title":"Mechanisms upholding the persistence of stigma across 100 years of historical text","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Persistence (discontinuity); Stigma (botany); Data science; World Wide Web; Computer science; Computational biology; Psychology; Biology; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006808126,0.00005497318,0.0001390281,0.00009654137,0.0006907968,0.0002965996,0.0003503907,0.0000661096,0.0002503588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008509338,0.00004320838,0.0001608711,0.001215387,0.001009695,0.0002191371,0.0001303894,0.0001447772,0.00002734022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002223912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004866779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00447367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001043698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974647,0.0001091181,0.0003550561,0.0003643346,0.001377004,0.0003298389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990608,0.0001379707,0.0001234088,0.0003865901,0.0002053559,0.00008587215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002959403,0.0003028103,0.003127202,0.0005062715,0.0001388859,0.0013732,0.3131018,0.0001027462,0.2550428,0.05962501,0.1402401,0.2264096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008475164,0.000081689,0.004881402,0.0003500627,0.00005547246,0.00006741928,0.03153543,0.0002567037,0.01917271,0.1183212,0.8248492,0.0003439508],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9728701,0.001598139,0.0002943389,0.001340138,0.01444015,0.0002708052,0.000004102624,0.00005550872,0.009126726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.961568,0.00003030152,0.00008292665,0.000004234641,0.00007118288,0.000005228371,0.000001120087,0.000005361413,0.03823167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6846091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6762881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08031230927568478,"score_gpt":0.3720861956057809,"score_spread":0.2917738863300961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}