{"id":"W4397005521","doi":"10.1007/s11425-023-2302-9","title":"Gradient-based algorithms for multi-objective bi-level optimization","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science China Mathematics","topic":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Optimization algorithm; Algorithm; Mathematical optimization; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001175999,0.0003437204,0.0002952079,0.0007396189,0.0006459672,0.0008769379,0.001543467,0.00008528044,0.00001421898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008514734,0.0002988873,0.0001494237,0.00321859,0.0004986367,0.00219808,0.0002564809,0.0001956358,0.00004089847],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004139871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006668852,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000543727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000022471,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969866,0.00003324021,0.0004638173,0.001086532,0.0007579842,0.0006717928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979738,0.0002695825,0.0001812762,0.0007896562,0.0005597281,0.0002259422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004797037,0.0005153354,0.000007833958,0.0002701418,0.00003003484,0.00001718871,0.006304179,0.841619,0.001010668,0.1163228,0.00009744603,0.03380068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005172354,0.0001046562,0.00006158282,0.0001288518,0.00001419218,0.00002356608,0.0001461128,0.9854822,0.005835643,0.00721627,0.00008558489,0.0003840791],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001178892,0.0001135446,0.9956955,0.0003643437,0.001445866,0.001051063,0.0000524805,0.0007482121,0.0004110653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007776851,0.00001302608,0.9912642,0.00009962218,0.00007123023,0.0001835832,0.00001153717,0.00004626132,0.0005336514],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1438633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05965773506906244,"score_gpt":0.335359040844253,"score_spread":0.2757013057751906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}