{"id":"W4398138114","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2024.1338647","title":"Scaling carbon removal systems: deploying direct air capture amidst Canada’s low-carbon transition","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Climate","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Balsillie School of International Affairs; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Carbon fibers; Scaling; Greenhouse gas; Transition (genetics); Environmental science; Materials science; Chemistry; Oceanography; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003052201,0.0003696634,0.0005034141,0.0004598232,0.00002606634,0.00008218477,0.0002442986,0.0003259207,0.000001203869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005014955,0.000392843,0.00009198548,0.0006014193,0.00005642048,0.0001132615,0.00003917482,0.0006520623,0.000001066873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001846702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001208416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05317299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0855974,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979984,0.00004090499,0.0004625856,0.0004523619,0.0003500135,0.0006957919],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994102,0.00006403938,0.00003258737,0.0003891221,0.0000259246,0.00007812036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008834611,0.0000307848,0.005470621,0.008228737,0.0005098679,0.004915031,0.002697071,0.9319221,0.01663702,0.0004983061,0.02343159,0.005570577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003333678,0.00001105912,0.0004672183,0.002000127,0.00009807927,0.0001043967,0.003048969,0.9830357,0.004755904,0.0001070193,0.005262342,0.0007758152],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.905054,0.05454252,0.0009511361,0.0003098658,0.01242291,0.0005572457,0.00009930617,0.006694946,0.01936809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980046,0.0007847076,0.0007478704,0.0000317291,0.0001677329,0.00005734849,0.00002182822,0.0001390999,0.0000451412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09295055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004313319807328053,"score_gpt":0.1798583549403382,"score_spread":0.1755450351330101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}