{"id":"W4398229817","doi":"10.1093/mnrasl/slae061","title":"Damping wing-like features in the stacked Ly α forest: Potential neutral hydrogen islands at <i>z</i> &amp;lt; 6","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reionization; Quasar; Astrophysics; Redshift; Physics; Wing; Lyman-alpha forest; Spectral line; Stack (abstract data type); Hydrogen; Absorption (acoustics); Astronomy; Intergalactic medium; Optics; Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005269239,0.0006034372,0.000590226,0.00005077738,0.0003598072,0.0002724795,0.001633754,0.0002132387,0.00005689943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005698359,0.0004290328,0.001408477,0.0001535196,0.0003902365,0.000130707,0.00197102,0.001508256,0.00003443937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004469813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001212054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001423676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003302141,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970535,0.0002258559,0.0008096657,0.0006682235,0.0004825555,0.0007601699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982412,0.000126465,0.0005825703,0.0009101824,0.00004166456,0.00009788575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003565221,0.00007309685,0.3813389,0.00009589423,0.0003879487,2.414424e-8,0.003578922,0.6021819,0.00008384425,0.00007985892,0.01213183,0.00001210248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006184248,0.00001958115,0.9141615,0.0001513974,0.0003766834,8.906021e-8,0.0005335041,0.08236028,0.00008618139,0.0006891566,0.0005350024,0.0004681935],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923807,0.0001761101,0.00005613653,0.005100445,0.0009646483,0.0007611892,0.0003512013,0.00004760108,0.0001619818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972426,2.778847e-7,0.0006893885,0.0001199051,0.001061112,0.00009905162,0.0004713115,0.0000649069,0.0002514357],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5328226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005991159543540728,"score_gpt":0.1973972513387842,"score_spread":0.1914060917952435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}