{"id":"W4398248420","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202346426","title":"Identifying type II quasars at intermediate redshift with few-shot learning photometric classification","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; DST-NRF Centre Of Excellence In Tree Health Biotechnology; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Science and Technology Facilities Council; University of Colorado Boulder; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Office of Science; Gauss Centre for Supercomputing; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Université d'Orléans; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; University of Oxford; Science Foundation Ireland; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; York University; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Portsmouth; University of Hertfordshire; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Carnegie Mellon University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Johns Hopkins University; University of Washington; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres; Ohio State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; New Mexico State University; Vanderbilt University; Yale University; California Institute of Technology; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Nvidia","keywords":"Quasar; Astrophysics; Redshift; Physics; Type (biology); Pattern recognition (psychology); Astronomy; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Geology; Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001621702,0.0004390971,0.0003886601,0.0002704295,0.000734827,0.0003916962,0.0002780356,0.00005864186,0.000603471],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006572639,0.0003853797,0.0001635609,0.0009756848,0.0002706808,0.0006690386,0.0003939463,0.0008622957,0.0002886171],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000111031,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001582613,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004696994,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001130824,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975882,0.00009136527,0.0003574198,0.0008017065,0.0003911953,0.0007701372],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989833,0.0001436622,0.0001405973,0.0003237301,0.0001042999,0.0003044596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000141936,0.0001411022,0.01524095,0.00003082253,0.0002654952,0.000007596219,0.0004862717,0.0001872959,0.006072482,0.004055059,0.0001110699,0.9732599],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007914152,0.01036612,0.1766675,0.002431154,0.001447585,0.00003044882,0.02299429,0.03365671,0.1022971,0.002475471,0.6333,0.006419486],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7508575,0.00009784853,0.2455152,0.00006567522,0.0001832862,0.0002631827,0.00003585827,0.0001203408,0.002861107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904759,0.00001266816,0.007217908,0.000006399394,0.0007775599,0.00006505404,0.000273194,0.0000718119,0.001099501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9668404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998598,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02974293234728186,"score_gpt":0.2943219368422054,"score_spread":0.2645790044949236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}