{"id":"W4398255751","doi":"10.1017/bjt.2024.23","title":"The history of science through the prism of race","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BJHS Themes","topic":"History of Science and Natural History","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Race (biology); Prism; Computer science; Sociology; Optics; Physics; Gender studies","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004816896,0.00006790399,0.00009026185,0.00005304453,0.0005587093,0.00002606752,0.0006151631,0.00001480914,0.0002846706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004987209,0.00003152263,0.00007872143,0.00007934879,0.01042712,0.0003424112,0.00004790442,0.0001127945,0.00004095007],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001702323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003654459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001727207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008253203,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991662,0.00002030168,0.0001692535,0.0001375901,0.0003614717,0.0001451965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993963,0.0001722591,0.00007406355,0.0002642559,0.00007659032,0.00001649414],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005926857,0.0000116671,7.846253e-7,0.00002364117,0.000007514224,7.450774e-7,0.2191423,4.412883e-7,0.002625376,0.5031469,0.2658888,0.009145905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002179456,0.00002974583,0.000009737068,0.00003104126,0.0000095882,9.359783e-7,0.006851931,0.00004244925,0.0005717215,0.004279272,0.9881036,0.00004823188],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03878275,0.1897092,0.000009189199,0.002546764,0.01116224,0.0002099524,0.000005859551,0.00007833878,0.7574957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7635508,0.0002484068,0.00003308772,0.0001291943,0.0001623209,0.000005101693,2.116112e-7,0.000006160864,0.2358647],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.724768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9922659,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03582774927623236,"score_gpt":0.2413501189753625,"score_spread":0.2055223696991302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}