{"id":"W4398776207","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c01116","title":"Impacts of Refining Partially Upgraded Bitumen: Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrotreating","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrodesulfurization; Refining (metallurgy); Asphalt; Vacuum distillation; Petroleum engineering; Fuel oil; Environmental science; Coker unit; Oil refinery; Materials science; Waste management; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Distillation; Organic chemistry; Geology; Engineering; Composite material; Sulfur","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001782397,0.0003444831,0.0002253175,0.0004253547,0.000282729,0.0004381659,0.0002936115,0.0002442083,0.003600151],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003119165,0.0001842806,0.0001961795,0.0003569727,0.0003718175,0.0004283826,0.0003525737,0.0004400283,0.0004857685],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006854495,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004355127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01324296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03279636,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997429,0.00001158267,0.000008030687,0.00003644285,0.0001514306,0.00004954166],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997982,0.00004151534,0.00004000605,0.00001694996,0.00008514179,0.00001816754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001153285,0.000006725833,0.0009624289,0.00005770149,0.000005331909,0.00006560235,0.00004026467,0.0002077998,0.9945236,0.00003795379,0.00004642901,0.003930809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002426737,0.0001144338,0.008531889,0.000005488643,0.000009684202,0.00006812346,0.0001216285,0.0005989864,0.988868,0.00001488152,0.001656928,0.000007471598],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993794,0.000476995,0.002822072,0.00005095512,0.00001276667,0.00002528835,0.0003894446,0.0001553437,0.002273231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902228,0.000674662,0.00454004,0.00004512119,0.000003987116,0.00001874038,0.0004431691,0.00008799968,0.00396346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01324296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02633178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01124316597137731,"score_gpt":0.2251888706898044,"score_spread":0.2139457047184271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}